Analyzing Coastal Community Situation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Bangladesh

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2024v13i4.p251-266

Keywords:

arsenic, community situation analysis, drinking water, sanitation

Abstract

There has been great success in expanding access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services, but a large segment of the world’s poor still lacks sufficient access to such facilities. This study aimed to analyze the community situation of WASH facilities in the selected five coastal unions of Bangladesh. We surveyed all the households in the selected unions and screened functional tube wells for arsenic concentration. This study revealed that about 79.7% of households use improved water sources for drinking and other purposes while 66% of functional tube wells had arsenic contamination. In addition, about 66% of the households do not have improved sanitation systems, for instance, pit latrine with water-seal. Besides, more than 90% of households do not have hand washing facilities on premises with soap and running water within 5 meters. The community situation analysis findings may assist concern authority to improve respective WASH facilities in the study area.

References

Ahmad SA, Khan MH, Haque M, 2018. Arsenic contamination in groundwater in Bangladesh: implications and challenges for healthcare policy. Risk Manag. Healthc. Policy 11: 251. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S153188

Akhtar MP, Moniruzzaman M, Siddik MA, Hoque MA-A, 2018. Vulnerability and Coping Strategy of Female-Headed Households in a Waterlogged Area of Bangladesh. Jagannath Univ. J. Life Earth Sci. 4(1): 25–41.

Alam MZ, Mukarrom A Al, 2022. Hygiene, sanitation facility, and assessment of drinking water quality in the schools of Chattogram city, Bangladesh. Glob. Heal. J. 6(4): 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2022.12.003

BBS, 2015. Population and Housing Census 2011. Zila Report: Satkhira. Dhaka:Bangladesh.

BBS, 2012. Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011: Socio-Economic and Demographic Report (National Report, Volume – 4). Dhaka:Bangladesh.

BBS, UNICEF, 2019. Progotir Pathey : Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019. Dhaka:Bangladesh.

Cairncross S, Bartram J, Cumming O, Brocklehurst C, 2010. Hygiene, Sanitation, and Water: What Needs to Be Done? PLoS Med. 7(11): e1000365. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000365

GED, 2020. 8th Five Year Plan FY2020 – FY2025: Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens. Dhaka:Bangladesh.

Ghosh RC, Shikder S, Siddik MA, Shamsuzzoha M, Halder A, 2016. Status of Women’s Participation during Emergency Situation: A Case from Coastal Area of Bangladesh. J. Patuakhali Sci. Technol. Univ. 7(1&2): 31–42.

Hoque BA, Khanam S, Ahmed S, Siddik MA, 2023. The Role of Female Local Government Members in Creating Wash Awareness in Bangladesh. Int. J. Energy, Environ. Econ. 30(1): 53–65.

Hoque BA, Khanam S, Siddik MA, 2022. Enhancing Youth Capacities on Climate Change Adaptation and Drinking Water Management. Asian J. Soc. Sci. Leg. Stud. 4(6): 248–253. https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.02480253

Hoque BA, Khanam S, Siddik MA, Huque S, Rahman A, Zahid MA, 2016. Technological, Social and Policy aspects in Bangladesh Arsenic Mitigation and Water Supply: Connections and Disconnections, in: Bhattacharya, P., Vahter, M., Jarsjö, J., Kumpiene, J., Arslan, A., Charlotte, S., Jacks, G., Donselaar, M.E., Jochen, B., Naidu, R. (Eds.), Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability. CRC Press, pp. 570–571.

Hoque BA, Khanam S, Siddik MA, Huque S, Zahid MA, 2015. Creating Arsenic Safe Villages with User-Women led Sustainable Improvement of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Narail District. Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Hoque BA, Khanam S, Zahid MA, Siddik MA, Ahmed S, 2018. Women Members of Local Government Led Rural Sanitation in Bangladesh: Policy and Technology. Int. J. Sci. Res. 7(7): 411–419. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20183550

Hoque SF, Hope R, Arif ST, Akhter T, Naz M, Salehin M, 2019. A social-ecological analysis of drinking water risks in coastal Bangladesh. Sci. Total Environ. 679: 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.04.359

Hossain M, Rahman SN, Bhattacharya P, Jacks G, Saha R, Rahman M, 2015. Sustainability of arsenic mitigation interventions-an evaluation of different alternative safe drinking water options provided in Matlab, an arsenic hot spot in Bangladesh. Front. Environ. Sci. 3(MAY): 129648. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2015.00030

Hossain MJ, Chowdhury MA, Jahan S, Zzaman RU, Islam SLU, 2021. Drinking water insecurity in southwest coastal bangladesh: How far to SDG 6.1? Water (Switzerland) 13(24): 3571. https://doi.org/10.3390/W13243571/S1

Hutton G, Chase C, 2017. Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene, in: Charles N. Mock, Rachel Nugent, Olive Kobusingye, Kirk R. Smith (Eds.), Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. The World Bank, Washington DC , pp. 171–198.

Mahmud I, Mbuya N, 2016. Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh. Washington DC.

Mathur P, 2011. Hand hygiene: Back to the basics of infection control. Indian J. Med. Res. 134(5): 611. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.90985

MLGRD&C, 2021. National Strategy for Water Supply and Sanitation (Revised and Updated Edition May 2021). Dhaka:Bangladesh.

MLGRD&C, 2018. Implementation Plan of Arsenic Mitigation for Water Supply (IPAM-WS). Dhaka:Bangladesh.

MLGRD&C, 2014. Bangladesh National Baseline Hygiene Survey. Dhaka: Bangladesh.

MLGRD&C, 2011. Sector Development Plan (FY 2011-25) Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Bangladesh. Dhaka:Bangladesh.

MLGRD&C, 2004. National Policy for Arsenic Mitigation 2004. Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Moniruzzaman M, Rahman MA, 2017. Examine the Water Quality of Pond Sand Filters (PSFs): A Study on Khontakata Union of Sarankhola Upazila, Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Natl. Geogr. Assoc. 39(1–2): 97–108.

Moniruzzaman M, Rahman MA, Siddik MA, 2014. Assessing the Damage and Recovery at Household Level: A Case Study of Cyclone Aila Affected Area. ASA Univ. Rev. 8(1): 263–274.

Moniruzzaman M, Siddik MA, 2012. An Investigation of Emergency Response and Rehabiliation Processes of the Cyclone Aila. Jahangirnagar Bishwavidyalay Bhugol O Paribesh Samikkhan 31: 57–70.

Moniruzzaman M, Siddik MA, Rashid MS, 2013. Early Warnings and Responses to Evacuation Orders: The Case of Cyclone Aila in Bangladesh. Jahangirnagar Univ. J. Sci. 36(1): 97–114.

Rahman MA, Islam MN, 2018. Scarcity of Safe Drinking Water in the South-West Coastal Bangladesh. J. Environ. Sci. Nat. Resour. 11(1–2): 17–25. https://doi.org/10.3329/JESNR.V11I1-2.43361

Rahman MA, Moniruzzaman M, 2020. Evaluation of Water Supply Technology in a Disaster Prone Coastal Community of Bangladesh. Orient. Geogr. 61(1–2): 109–120.

Saha R, Dey NC, Rahman M, Bhattacharya P, Rabbani GH, 2019. Geogenic arsenic and microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh. Front. Environ. Sci. 7(May): 371772. https://doi.org/10.3389/FENVS.2019.00057/BIBTEX

Siddik MA, Akhtar MP, Moniruzzaman M, 2018. Cyclone Induced Land Transformation in the Bagerhat Coast of Bangladesh. Int. J. Innov. Res. 3(3): 68–72.

Siddik MA, Hasan MM, Islam MT, Zaman AKMM, 2022. Climate Change Drivers, Effects, and Mitigation-Adaptation Measures for Cities. Asian J. Soc. Sci. Leg. Stud. 4(5): 160–177. https://doi.org/10.34104/ajssls.022.01600177

Siddik MA, Islam ARMT, 2024a. Review of Coastal Land Transformation: Factors, Impacts, Adaptation Strategies, and Future Scopes. Geogr. Sustain. 5(2): 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOSUS.2024.01.010

Siddik MA, Islam ARMT, 2024b. A systematic review of cyclonic disaster: Damage-loss, consequences, adaptation strategies, and future scopes. Heliyon 10(12): e33345. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E33345

Siddik MA, Moniruzzaman M, Akhtar MP, 2014. Disaster Impact and Recovery Initiatives of Water Supply and Sanitation System: A Case on Cyclone Sidr. J. Sci. Technol. 4(1): 143–155.

Singh SK, 2015. Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in the Middle-Gangetic Plain, Bihar (India): The Danger Arrived. Int. Res. J. Environ. Sci. 4(2): 70–76.

Sultana L, Rahman MS, Karim R, 2018. An overview of current water supply and sanitation status in an acute saline prone area in Bangladesh ( Nuniapara , Paikgacha , Khulna ). Aust. J. Sci. Technol. 2(1): 22–32.

UN, 2015. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United States.

WHO, 2022. Sanitation [WWW Document]. URL https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sanitation (accessed 1.23.23).

WHO, UNICEF, 2021. Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, 2000-2020: Five Years into the SDGs. Dhaka:Bangladesh.

Downloads

Published

2024-11-14

How to Cite

KHANAM, Sufia; SIDDIK, Abubakkor; ZAHID, Mohammad Abu. Analyzing Coastal Community Situation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Bangladesh. Fronteiras - Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 4, p. 251–266, 2024. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2024v13i4.p251-266. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/7502. Acesso em: 17 nov. 2024.