Economic Returns and the Cost of Studying Higher Education in Chile: Reflections for Discussion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2020v9i3.p161-181Keywords:
University, Return, Graduates, Salaries, LoansAbstract
The Chilean higher education system has responded to its growing enrolment and massification, especially among students from lower socioeconomic strata, through a significant increase in scholarships and loans from the State. This last financing instrument has made it possible to increase the number of graduates from Chilean universities, enabling them to obtain their university degree and enter the labor market. In this context, the objective of this work is to contribute to the theoretical discussion on the problem of profitability and cost of studying higher education in Chile, in order to obtain lessons for new public policies. To this end, a documentary approach is used. It is evident that Chile has one of the highest rates of return on higher education among OECD countries. However, there is a heterogeneous profitability of careers, which leads to different realities in the income of graduates. But the high cost of career prices is even more questionable, as well as the high indebtedness of several generations of students as a result of the State policy that liberalized the forms of financing with the presence of private banks and with an important cost for the State apparatus that injected resources into the system to guarantee the risk of non-payment.
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Espinoza, Oscar, and Luis Eduardo González. 2013. “Access to Higher Education in Chile: A Public vs. Private Analysis.” PROSPECTS 43 (2): 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-013-9268-8.
García de Fanelli, Ana María, and Cecilia Adrogué. 2019. “Equidad En El Acceso y La Graduación En La Educación Superior: Reflexiones Desde El Cono Sur.” Education Policy Analysis Archives 27 (96): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3943.
Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena, Oliver Paddison, and Workie Mitiku. 2006. “Higher Education and Economic Growth in Africa.” The Journal of Development Studies 42 (3): 509–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380600576490.
Heckman, James J., Jora Stixrud, and Sergio Urzua. 2006. “The Effects of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities on Labor Market Outcomes and Social Behavior.” Journal of Labor Economics 24 (3): 411–82. https://doi.org/10.1086/504455.
Hungerford, Thomas, and Gary Solon. 1987. “Sheepskin Effects in the Returns to Education.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 69 (1): 175. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937919.
Johnstone, D.Bruce. 2004. “The Economics and Politics of Cost Sharing in Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives.” Economics of Education Review 23 (4): 403–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2003.09.004.
Koljatic, Mladen, Mónica Silva, and Rodrigo Cofré. 2013. “Achievement versus Aptitude in College Admissions: A Cautionary Note Based on Evidence from Chile.” International Journal of Educational Development 33 (1): 106–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.03.001.
la Luz Tovar, Christian De, and Eliseo Díaz González. 2010. “Dispersión Del Ingreso y Demanda de Educación Media Superior y Superior En México.” Análisis Económico 25 (58): 99–122.
Larraín, Christian, and Salvador Zurita. 2008. “The New Student Loan System in Chile’s Higher Education.” Higher Education 55 (6): 683–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9083-3.
Llinàs-Audet, Xavier, Michele Girotto, and Francesc Solé Parellada. 2011. “La Dirección Estratégica Universitaria y La Eficacia de Las Herramientas de Gestión: El Caso de Las Universidades Españolas.” Revista de Educacion 355: 33–54.
Lough, Benjamin J. 2010. “The Perpetual Education Fund: Providing Higher Education Loans in the Voluntary Sector.” International Journal of Educational Development 30 (4): 345–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2009.11.001.
Lozano-Rojas, Felipe Andrés. 2012. “Human Capital Contracts in Chile: An Exercise Based on Income Data on Chilean HE Graduates.” Latin American Journal of Economics 49 (2): 185–245. https://doi.org/10.7764/LAJE.49.2.185.
Manacorda, Marco, Carolina Sanchez-Paramo, and Norbert Schady. 2010. “Changes in Returns to Education in Latin America: The Role of Demand and Supply of Skills.” ILR Review 63 (2): 307–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979391006300207.
Meller, Patricio. 2010. Carreras Universitarias. Rentabilidad, Selectividad y Discriminación. Chile: Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Educación, Universidad de Chile.
———. 2011. Universitarios, ¡El Problema No Es El Lucro Sino El Mercado! Chil: Uqbar, Ed.
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———. 2018. “Informe Comisión Investigadora Crédito Con Aval Del Estado.” http://www.mineduc.cl.
Mora, Toni, and Josep-Oriol Escardíbul. 2008. “Schooling Effects on Undergraduate Performance: Evidence from the University of Barcelona.” Higher Education 56 (5): 519–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9108-y.
Muñoz H., Pablo, and Amaia Redondo S. 2013. “Desigualdad y Logro Académico En Chile.” Revista de La CEPAL 2013 (109): 107–23. https://doi.org/10.18356/5d9855fa-es.
Murnane, Richard, John Willett, and Frank Levy. 1995. “The Growing Importance of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination.” Cambridge, MA. https://doi.org/10.3386/w5076.
OECD. 2009. Reviews of National Policies for Education: Tertiary Education in Chile 2009. Reviews of National Policies for Education. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264051386-en.
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2020-12-29
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AMÉSTICA-RIVAS, Luis; LLINAS-AUDET, Xavier; ESCARDÍBUL, Josep-Oriol. Economic Returns and the Cost of Studying Higher Education in Chile: Reflections for Discussion. Fronteiras - Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 3, p. 161–181, 2020. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2020v9i3.p161-181. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/3657. Acesso em: 3 jul. 2024.
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