A Scientometric Analysis of the Use Indices for Water Quality Biomonitoring
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2023v12i3.p12-27Palavras-chave:
macroinvertebrados, recursos hídricos, indicadores ecológicos, revisãoResumo
Os recursos hídricos são abastecidos sob forte pressão antrópica e dão origem a diversos problemas de poluição hídrica no mundo, que exigem o uso de metodologias para sua avaliação. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar índices de biomonitoramento baseados em macroinvertebrados na avaliação da qualidade da água utilizada e identificar suas tendências de aplicação. O estudo foi desenvolvido através de uma revisão cienciométrica durante um período de 20 anos (2000-2020). A busca consiste em artigos indexados nas bases de dados Scielo, ScienceDirect e Scopus, com base nas palavras-chave "índice biótico" * OR "macroinvertebrados aquáticos" * OR "macroinvertebrados bentônicos" * OR "Biomonitoring" * AND "qualidade da água". A seleção, assim como a inclusão e a exclusão, foi aplicada no programa Start (estado da arte por meio de revisão sistemática-start). Os resultados mostraram que o índice EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera) foi o mais utilizado entre todas as bases investigadas (20%) e entre os periódicos, obteve-se o maior número de Indicadores Ecológicos (11%). Em relação aos índices utilizados nas pesquisas de biomonitoramento, o índice ASPT (pontuação média por táxon) foi o único com tendência a aumentar sua utilização ao longo dos anos (R² = 0,29; p < 0,05). Embora os índices de biomonitoramento sejam comumente usados em todo o mundo, indicando que ainda é uma ferramenta alternativa, esta revisão de literatura mostra que dentre os índices apenas um apresenta tendência de uso, o que deve ser considerado para pesquisas futuras.
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