Micropropagação de Espécies Lenhosas Nativas: Análise do Conhecimento Científico e Perspectivas para a Conservação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2025v14i1.p267-298Palavras-chave:
biomas brasileiros, cienciometria, biotecnologiaResumo
A micropropagação é uma técnica promissora para a multiplicação em larga escala de plantas, contribuindo para a conservação genética, restauração de ecossistemas e desenvolvimento econômico sustentável, especialmente de espécies medicinais e madeireiras. Este estudo analisou 645 publicações indexadas nas bases Web of Science e Scopus entre 2013 e 2023. Após excluir duplicatas, 612 publicações foram selecionadas, das quais 31 atenderam aos critérios, focando espécies lenhosas nos domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros. A técnica foi mais aplicada no Cerrado (25%) e na Mata Atlântica (22%), enquanto a Amazônia representou 14%. Três estudos citaram o bioma no título, destacando a importância de contextualizar espécies em seus habitats ecológicos. O meio de cultura WPM foi usado em 80% dos estudos, seguido pelo MS em 67%. Alternativas como JADS, DKW e QL foram menos frequentes, mas promissoras. Entre os reguladores de crescimento, o Benzilaminopurina (BAP) foi destaque em 30% das pesquisas, seguido pelo Ácido Indolbutírico (AIB) em 20%, especialmente para enraizamento. Suplementos como carvão ativado, polivinilpirrolidona (PVP), caseína hidrolisada e Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) foram usados para otimizar o crescimento. Explantes nodais foram predominantes (38%), seguidos por sementes (18%). Os resultados destacam a importância de ampliar pesquisas voltadas para a conservação ex situ e o uso sustentável da biodiversidade brasileira, considerando a necessidade de desenvolver e adaptar protocolos de cultura que atendam às demandas específicas de cada espécie, promovendo avanços significativos na preservação de recursos genéticos e no aproveitamento sustentável das plantas. Além disso, ao analisar a produção científica, torna-se possível direcionar esforços de conservação para biomas específicos sob maior ameaça.
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