Factors Affecting Nest Site Selection by Freshwater Turtles: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2023v12i1.p183-198Palavras-chave:
quelônio, testudine, seleção de habitat, desova, oviposiçãoResumo
A seleção do local de nidificação é um comportamento importante, particularmente em espécies que carecem de cuidados parentais, pois o microclima do ninho pode ter grande impacto na sobrevivência dos embriões e no fenótipo dos filhotes. Compreender quais fatores influenciam as decisões sobre a oviposição é fundamental para identificar áreas prioritárias para a conservação. Esta revisão sistemática visa sintetizar os fatores que afetam a seleção do local de nidificação pelas tartarugas de água doce. A pesquisa foi conduzida no banco de dados da Web of Science. No total, 35 publicações preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. O primeiro estudo sobre o tema foi publicado há mais de três décadas, mas somente nos últimos dez anos os estudos começaram a ser publicados anualmente. Mais da metade dos estudos foi realizada nos Estados Unidos e a espécie mais estudada foi Chrysemys picta. Os fatores ambientais, principalmente as características da vegetação, mas também as propriedades do solo e a morfologia da praia, são os mais estudados. Fatores antrópicos têm sido cada vez mais estudados, especialmente áreas residenciais e campos agrícolas. Alguns estudos sugerem que habitats alterados pelo homem podem atuar como armadilhas ecológicas, enfatizando a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre este tópico. Mais estudos também são necessários sobre a influência do risco de predação, pistas de indivíduos da mesma espécie, tamanho da fêmea e fenótipo dos filhotes na seleção do local de nidificação pelas tartarugas de água doce. Destacamos que a compreensão dos fatores que afetam a seleção do local de nidificação é importante para identificar as necessidades de habitat das fêmeas de nidificação, prever possíveis implicações ecológicas da escolha do local de nidificação, avaliar o potencial adaptativo das espécies às mudanças ambientais e determinar a vulnerabilidade das populações a diferentes ameaças.
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