Agroecology in the Brazilian Amazon. A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i3.p114-123Palavras-chave:
ecological agriculture, agroforestry systems, sustainable agricultureResumo
Agroecological practices are alternatives for valuing and conserving the biodiversity of the Amazon as well as for integrating family farmers who survive from the exploitation of natural resources in the face of the expansion of large agricultural projects that have advanced in the region. In this respect, the objective of this study was to evaluate the scientific production related to agroecology in the Brazilian Amazon, in order to identify the main research gaps and set the foundations for new studies that will strengthen the debate on and policies to encourage sustainable agriculture. Our methodology was based on a systematic review of the literature using four academic research databases. The studies were published from 2000 to 2019. Through our database research, we obtained 36 articles that focused on agroecology in the Brazilian Amazon. Our results showed a certain level of diversity in terms of the geographic distribution of the municipalities included in the studies analyzed. Additionally, we detected diversity in terms of the dimensions addressed. For instance, reference was made to sustainable production systems based on agroecological principles, with emphasis on agroforestry systems. Additionally, socioeconomic and cultural aspects, such as the valuation of traditional knowledge and the importance of women in rural areas, were analyzed. Thus, the realization of in-depth studies that will analyze the process of agroecological transition with the use of different techniques, such as the statistical treatment of data and geoprocessing, can qualify agricultural production based on the agroecological practices in the Amazon.
Referências
Abreu LS, Watanabe MA 2016. Family farmers in Southern Amazonia: challenges and strategies for agroecological innovation in production systems. Rev Verde Agroecologia Desenvolv 11(5):114–122. doi:10.18378/rvads.v11i5.4202.
Almeida EN, Brienza S Jr, Ximenes T, Poça RR, Yared J 2018. The model of technical assistance and rural extension of the proambiente: an innovation in agroecology. Braz J Dev 4(6):2939–2950.
Altieri M 2004. Agroecologia: the productive dynamics of sustainable agriculture. UFRGS Publisher, Porto Alegre.
Altieri MA, Nicholls CI 2017. Agroecology: a brief account of its origins and currents of thought in Latin America. Agroecol Sust Food 41(3):231–237. doi:10.1080/21683565.2017.1287147.
Aragon LE 2015. Amazonian development in question. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, Coimbra 107:5–16. doi:10.4000/rccs.5983.
Assis RL 2006. Sustainable rural development in Brazil: perspectives from the integration of public and private actions based on agroecology. Econ Aplic 10(1):75–89. doi:10.1590/S1413-80502006000100005.
Bonaudo T, Bendahan AB, Sabatier R, Ryschawy J, Bellon S, Leger F, Magda D, Tichit M 2014. Agroecological principles for the redesign of integrated crop-livestock systems. Eur J Agron 57:43–51. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.010.
Braga DPP, Domene F, Gandara FB 2019. Shade trees composition and diversity in cacao agroforestry systems of southern Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Agrofor Syst 93(4):1409–1421. doi:10.1007/s10457-018-0250-6.
Browder JO, Pedlowski MA, Summers PM 2004. Land use patterns in the Brazilian Amazon: comparative farm-level evidence from Rondônia. Hum Ecol 32(2):197–224. doi:10.1023/B:HUEC.0000019763.73998.c9.
Britto GC, Kato OR, Herrera JA 2012. Can the provision of environmental services be an alternative to traditional systems of family farming in the municipality of Pacajá, Amazon Paraense-Brazil? Sustentabilidade em Debate 3(2):159–176.
Buclet B 2005. Between technology and slavery: Volkswagen's adventure in the Amazon. O Social em Questão 13:1–12.
Cardozo EG, Muchavisoy HM, Silva HR, Zelarayan MLC, Milk MFA, Rousseau GX, Gehring C 2015. Species richness increases income in agroforestry systems of eastern Amazonia. Agrofor Syst 89:901–916. doi:10.1007/s10457-015-9823-9.
Castro AP, Fraxe TJP, Santiago JL, Matos RB, Pinto IC 2009. The Agroforestry systems as na alternative of sustainable land use in várzea (floodplain) ecosystems in Amazon State. Acta Amazon 39(2):279–288. doi:10.1590/S0044-59672009000200006.
Centrone FA, Tonneau J, Piraux M, Cialdella N, Leite TS, Mosso A, Calvo A 2018. Gender issues and sustainable development: the potential of agroecology in the northeast of Pará, Brazil. Cah Agric 27(5):1–6. doi:10.1051/cagri/2018035.
Costa RC, Piketty M, Abramovay R 2013. Payment for environmental services, opportunity costs and the transition to alternative land uses: the case of family farmers in Northeast Pará. Sustentabilidade em Debate 4(1):99–116. doi:10.18472/SustDeb.v4n1.2013.9202.
Cronin P, Ryan F, Coughlan M 2008. Undertaking a literature review: a step-by-step approach. Br J Nurs 17(1):38–43. doi:10.12968/bjon.2008.17.1.28059.
Haggar J, Pons D, Saenz L, Vides M 2019. Contribution of agroforestry systems to sustaining biodiversity in fragmented forest landscapes. Agric Ecosyst Environ 283(1):1–8. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2019.06.006.
Hall A 2008. Better RED than dead: paying the people for environmental services in Amazonia. Philos Trans R Soc 363:1925–1932. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.0034.
Hora NN, Ferreira HR Filho, Martins ACCT, Fonseca MJCF 2015. Traditional knowledge and conservation of biodiversity: uses, practices and experiences of farmers in a community in Ananindeua-PA. REDES 20(2):308–335. doi:10.17058/redes.v20i2.4449.
Kohler F, Negrão M 2018. The homeopathy/agroecology nexus: a discourse-centered analysis in a Brazilian agrarian settlement. Dialect Anthropol 42:241–255. doi:10.1007/s10624-018-9499-4.
Lavelle P, Doledec S, Sartre XA et al. 2016. Unsustainable landscapes of deforested Amazonia: An analysis of the relationships among landscapes and the social, economic and environmental profiles of farms at different ages following deforestation. Global Environ Chang 40:137–155. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.04.009.
Martins WMO, Martins LMO, Paiva FS 2012. Agroecological production system in the Western Amazon. Rev Verde Agroecologia Desenvolv 7(5):24–26.
Meek D 2016. The cultural politics of the agroecological transition. Agr Hum Values 33:275–290. doi:10.1007/s10460-015-9605-z.
Miller RP, Nair PKR 2006. Indigenous agroforestry systems in Amazonia: from prehistory to today. Agrofor Syst 66:151–164. doi:10.1007/s10457-005-6074-1.
Noda SN, Martins ALU, Noda H, Silva AIC, Braga MDS 2012. Landscapes and ethno-knowledge in Ticuna and Cocama agriculture in the upper Solimões River, Amazonas. Bol Mus Para Emílio Goeldi. Cienc Hum 7(2):397–416. doi:10.1590/S1981-81222012000200006.
Oliveira PC 2010. Agroecology, education and social movements in the Amazon: integrating to intervene in the climate. Ambiente y Desarrollo 15(2):79–94.
Oliveira JSR, Kato OR, Oliveira TF, Queiroz JCB 2010. Evaluation of sustainability in Eastern Amazon under proambiente program. Agrofor Syst 78:185–191. doi:10.1007/s10457-010-9276-0.
Oliveira NL, Jacq C, Dolci M, Delahaye F 2010. Sustainable development and agroforestry systems in the Amazon of Mato Grosso. Confins 10(10). doi:10.4000/confins.6778.
Pompeu GSS, Rosa LS, Santos MM, Modestors RS, Vieira TA 2012. Adoption of agroforestry systems by smallholders in Brazilian Amazon. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 15(1):165–172.
Pompeu GSS, Kato OR, Almeida RHC 2017. Perception of family and business farmers in Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brazil about agroforestry systems. Sustentabilidade em Debate, Brasília 8(3):152–166. doi:10.18472/SustDeb.v8n3.2017.24197.
Pokorny B, De Jong W, Godar J, Pacheco P, Johnson J 2013. From large to small: reorienting rural development policies in response to climate change, food security and poverty. Forest Policy Econ 36:52–59. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2013.02.009.
Prodanov CC, Freitas EC 2013. Methodology of scientific work: methods and techniques of research and scientific work. Feevale, Novo Hamburgo.
Quaresma AP, Almeida RHC, Oliveira CM, Kato OR 2015. Floristic and fauna composition of agroforestry farms of family farming in northeastern Pará. Rev Verde Agroecologia Desenvolv 10(5):76–84. doi:10.18378/rvads.v10i5.3706.
Raiol CS, Rosa LS 2012. Agroforestry systems in the Eastern Amazon: The case of family farmers in Santa Maria do Pará, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8(2):258–265. doi:10.5039/agraria.v8i2a2045.
Rayol BP, Vale I, Miranda IS 2019. Tree and palm diversity in homegardens in the Central Amazon. Agrofor Syst 93:515–529. doi:10.1007/s10457-017-0144-z.
Rebello FK, Homma AKO 2009. Strategies to reduce deforestation and fires in the Amazon. In: Veiga JE da (ed.) Economia socioambiental. Senac, São Paulo, p. 235–261.
Rebello FK, Homma AKO 2017. History of the colonization of northeast Paraense: reflections for the future of the Amazon. EDUFRA, Belém.
Rego AKC, Kato OR 2017. Slash-and-burn agriculture and agroecological alternatives in the Amazon. Novos Cad NAEA 20(3):203–224. doi:10.5801/ncn.v20i3.3482.
Resque AGL, Coudel E, Piketty M, Cialdella N, Sá T, Piraus M, Assis W, Le Page C 2019. Agrobiodiversity and public food procurement programs in Brazil: influence of local stakeholders in configuring green mediated markets. Sustainability 11(5):1–22. doi:10.3390/su11051425.
Ribeiro RNS, Santana AC, Tourinho MM 2004. Exploratory analysis of the socioeconomics of agroforestry systems in floodplain, Cametá-Pará, Brazil. Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 42(1):133–152. doi:10.1590/S0103-20032004000100007.
Roces IG, Montiel MS 2010. Women, agroecology and food sovereignty in the Moreno Maia community of the State of Acre. Brazil. Investigaciones Feministas 1:43–65.
Roces IG, Montiel MS, Cantó AS 2014. Ecofeminist perspective of food sovereignty: the agroecology network in the Moreno Maia community in the Brazilian Amazon. Relac Int 27:75–96.
Sampaio RF, Mancini MC 2007. Systematic review studies: a guide for careful synthesis of scientific evidence. Rev Bras Fisioter 11(1):83–89. doi:10.1590/S1413-35552007000100013.
Scoles R 2009. The home harden and fruits: economic and food resources in the black community of Itacoã, Acará, Pará, Brazil. Acta Amazon 39(1):1–12. doi:10.1590/S0044-59672009000100001.
Sevilla Gúzman E 2013. The deployment of agrarian sociology towards agroecology. Cuaderno Interdisciplinar de Desarrollo Sostenible 10:85–109.
Sills EO, Caviglia-Harris JL 2015. Evaluating the long-term impacts of promoting “green” agriculture in the Amazon. Agric Econ 46:83–102. doi:10.1111/agec.12200.
Souza RA, Miziara F, De Marco P Jr 2013. Spatial variation of deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon: A complex theater for agrarian technology, agrarian structure and governance by surveillance. Land Use Policy 30(1):915–924. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.07.001.
Tremblay S, Lucotte M, Reveret J, Davidson R, Mertens F, Passos CJS, Romana CA 2015. Agroforestry systems as a profitable alternative to slash and burn practices in small-scale agriculture of the Brazilian Amazon. Agrofor Syst 89:193–204. doi:10.1007/s10457-014-9753-y.
Tricaud S, Pinton F, Pereira HS 2016. Local knowledge and practices of guarana producers (Paullinia cupana Kunth var. sorbilis) from the middle Amazon: two local organizations facing innovation. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, Belém 11(1):33–53. doi:10.1590/1981.81222016000100004.
Vieira TA, Rosa LS, Santos MMLS 2012. Socioeconomic conditions for the management of agroforestry yards in Bonito, Pará. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias 8(3):458–463.
Valente ASO, Oliveira ECP, Vieira TA 2017. Agroecological practices in land use systems in a rural community in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Espacios 38(22):10–18.
Almeida EN, Brienza S Jr, Ximenes T, Poça RR, Yared J 2018. The model of technical assistance and rural extension of the proambiente: an innovation in agroecology. Braz J Dev 4(6):2939–2950.
Altieri M 2004. Agroecologia: the productive dynamics of sustainable agriculture. UFRGS Publisher, Porto Alegre.
Altieri MA, Nicholls CI 2017. Agroecology: a brief account of its origins and currents of thought in Latin America. Agroecol Sust Food 41(3):231–237. doi:10.1080/21683565.2017.1287147.
Aragon LE 2015. Amazonian development in question. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, Coimbra 107:5–16. doi:10.4000/rccs.5983.
Assis RL 2006. Sustainable rural development in Brazil: perspectives from the integration of public and private actions based on agroecology. Econ Aplic 10(1):75–89. doi:10.1590/S1413-80502006000100005.
Bonaudo T, Bendahan AB, Sabatier R, Ryschawy J, Bellon S, Leger F, Magda D, Tichit M 2014. Agroecological principles for the redesign of integrated crop-livestock systems. Eur J Agron 57:43–51. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.010.
Braga DPP, Domene F, Gandara FB 2019. Shade trees composition and diversity in cacao agroforestry systems of southern Pará, Brazilian Amazon. Agrofor Syst 93(4):1409–1421. doi:10.1007/s10457-018-0250-6.
Browder JO, Pedlowski MA, Summers PM 2004. Land use patterns in the Brazilian Amazon: comparative farm-level evidence from Rondônia. Hum Ecol 32(2):197–224. doi:10.1023/B:HUEC.0000019763.73998.c9.
Britto GC, Kato OR, Herrera JA 2012. Can the provision of environmental services be an alternative to traditional systems of family farming in the municipality of Pacajá, Amazon Paraense-Brazil? Sustentabilidade em Debate 3(2):159–176.
Buclet B 2005. Between technology and slavery: Volkswagen's adventure in the Amazon. O Social em Questão 13:1–12.
Cardozo EG, Muchavisoy HM, Silva HR, Zelarayan MLC, Milk MFA, Rousseau GX, Gehring C 2015. Species richness increases income in agroforestry systems of eastern Amazonia. Agrofor Syst 89:901–916. doi:10.1007/s10457-015-9823-9.
Castro AP, Fraxe TJP, Santiago JL, Matos RB, Pinto IC 2009. The Agroforestry systems as na alternative of sustainable land use in várzea (floodplain) ecosystems in Amazon State. Acta Amazon 39(2):279–288. doi:10.1590/S0044-59672009000200006.
Centrone FA, Tonneau J, Piraux M, Cialdella N, Leite TS, Mosso A, Calvo A 2018. Gender issues and sustainable development: the potential of agroecology in the northeast of Pará, Brazil. Cah Agric 27(5):1–6. doi:10.1051/cagri/2018035.
Costa RC, Piketty M, Abramovay R 2013. Payment for environmental services, opportunity costs and the transition to alternative land uses: the case of family farmers in Northeast Pará. Sustentabilidade em Debate 4(1):99–116. doi:10.18472/SustDeb.v4n1.2013.9202.
Cronin P, Ryan F, Coughlan M 2008. Undertaking a literature review: a step-by-step approach. Br J Nurs 17(1):38–43. doi:10.12968/bjon.2008.17.1.28059.
Haggar J, Pons D, Saenz L, Vides M 2019. Contribution of agroforestry systems to sustaining biodiversity in fragmented forest landscapes. Agric Ecosyst Environ 283(1):1–8. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2019.06.006.
Hall A 2008. Better RED than dead: paying the people for environmental services in Amazonia. Philos Trans R Soc 363:1925–1932. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.0034.
Hora NN, Ferreira HR Filho, Martins ACCT, Fonseca MJCF 2015. Traditional knowledge and conservation of biodiversity: uses, practices and experiences of farmers in a community in Ananindeua-PA. REDES 20(2):308–335. doi:10.17058/redes.v20i2.4449.
Kohler F, Negrão M 2018. The homeopathy/agroecology nexus: a discourse-centered analysis in a Brazilian agrarian settlement. Dialect Anthropol 42:241–255. doi:10.1007/s10624-018-9499-4.
Lavelle P, Doledec S, Sartre XA et al. 2016. Unsustainable landscapes of deforested Amazonia: An analysis of the relationships among landscapes and the social, economic and environmental profiles of farms at different ages following deforestation. Global Environ Chang 40:137–155. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.04.009.
Martins WMO, Martins LMO, Paiva FS 2012. Agroecological production system in the Western Amazon. Rev Verde Agroecologia Desenvolv 7(5):24–26.
Meek D 2016. The cultural politics of the agroecological transition. Agr Hum Values 33:275–290. doi:10.1007/s10460-015-9605-z.
Miller RP, Nair PKR 2006. Indigenous agroforestry systems in Amazonia: from prehistory to today. Agrofor Syst 66:151–164. doi:10.1007/s10457-005-6074-1.
Noda SN, Martins ALU, Noda H, Silva AIC, Braga MDS 2012. Landscapes and ethno-knowledge in Ticuna and Cocama agriculture in the upper Solimões River, Amazonas. Bol Mus Para Emílio Goeldi. Cienc Hum 7(2):397–416. doi:10.1590/S1981-81222012000200006.
Oliveira PC 2010. Agroecology, education and social movements in the Amazon: integrating to intervene in the climate. Ambiente y Desarrollo 15(2):79–94.
Oliveira JSR, Kato OR, Oliveira TF, Queiroz JCB 2010. Evaluation of sustainability in Eastern Amazon under proambiente program. Agrofor Syst 78:185–191. doi:10.1007/s10457-010-9276-0.
Oliveira NL, Jacq C, Dolci M, Delahaye F 2010. Sustainable development and agroforestry systems in the Amazon of Mato Grosso. Confins 10(10). doi:10.4000/confins.6778.
Pompeu GSS, Rosa LS, Santos MM, Modestors RS, Vieira TA 2012. Adoption of agroforestry systems by smallholders in Brazilian Amazon. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 15(1):165–172.
Pompeu GSS, Kato OR, Almeida RHC 2017. Perception of family and business farmers in Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brazil about agroforestry systems. Sustentabilidade em Debate, Brasília 8(3):152–166. doi:10.18472/SustDeb.v8n3.2017.24197.
Pokorny B, De Jong W, Godar J, Pacheco P, Johnson J 2013. From large to small: reorienting rural development policies in response to climate change, food security and poverty. Forest Policy Econ 36:52–59. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2013.02.009.
Prodanov CC, Freitas EC 2013. Methodology of scientific work: methods and techniques of research and scientific work. Feevale, Novo Hamburgo.
Quaresma AP, Almeida RHC, Oliveira CM, Kato OR 2015. Floristic and fauna composition of agroforestry farms of family farming in northeastern Pará. Rev Verde Agroecologia Desenvolv 10(5):76–84. doi:10.18378/rvads.v10i5.3706.
Raiol CS, Rosa LS 2012. Agroforestry systems in the Eastern Amazon: The case of family farmers in Santa Maria do Pará, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8(2):258–265. doi:10.5039/agraria.v8i2a2045.
Rayol BP, Vale I, Miranda IS 2019. Tree and palm diversity in homegardens in the Central Amazon. Agrofor Syst 93:515–529. doi:10.1007/s10457-017-0144-z.
Rebello FK, Homma AKO 2009. Strategies to reduce deforestation and fires in the Amazon. In: Veiga JE da (ed.) Economia socioambiental. Senac, São Paulo, p. 235–261.
Rebello FK, Homma AKO 2017. History of the colonization of northeast Paraense: reflections for the future of the Amazon. EDUFRA, Belém.
Rego AKC, Kato OR 2017. Slash-and-burn agriculture and agroecological alternatives in the Amazon. Novos Cad NAEA 20(3):203–224. doi:10.5801/ncn.v20i3.3482.
Resque AGL, Coudel E, Piketty M, Cialdella N, Sá T, Piraus M, Assis W, Le Page C 2019. Agrobiodiversity and public food procurement programs in Brazil: influence of local stakeholders in configuring green mediated markets. Sustainability 11(5):1–22. doi:10.3390/su11051425.
Ribeiro RNS, Santana AC, Tourinho MM 2004. Exploratory analysis of the socioeconomics of agroforestry systems in floodplain, Cametá-Pará, Brazil. Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 42(1):133–152. doi:10.1590/S0103-20032004000100007.
Roces IG, Montiel MS 2010. Women, agroecology and food sovereignty in the Moreno Maia community of the State of Acre. Brazil. Investigaciones Feministas 1:43–65.
Roces IG, Montiel MS, Cantó AS 2014. Ecofeminist perspective of food sovereignty: the agroecology network in the Moreno Maia community in the Brazilian Amazon. Relac Int 27:75–96.
Sampaio RF, Mancini MC 2007. Systematic review studies: a guide for careful synthesis of scientific evidence. Rev Bras Fisioter 11(1):83–89. doi:10.1590/S1413-35552007000100013.
Scoles R 2009. The home harden and fruits: economic and food resources in the black community of Itacoã, Acará, Pará, Brazil. Acta Amazon 39(1):1–12. doi:10.1590/S0044-59672009000100001.
Sevilla Gúzman E 2013. The deployment of agrarian sociology towards agroecology. Cuaderno Interdisciplinar de Desarrollo Sostenible 10:85–109.
Sills EO, Caviglia-Harris JL 2015. Evaluating the long-term impacts of promoting “green” agriculture in the Amazon. Agric Econ 46:83–102. doi:10.1111/agec.12200.
Souza RA, Miziara F, De Marco P Jr 2013. Spatial variation of deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon: A complex theater for agrarian technology, agrarian structure and governance by surveillance. Land Use Policy 30(1):915–924. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.07.001.
Tremblay S, Lucotte M, Reveret J, Davidson R, Mertens F, Passos CJS, Romana CA 2015. Agroforestry systems as a profitable alternative to slash and burn practices in small-scale agriculture of the Brazilian Amazon. Agrofor Syst 89:193–204. doi:10.1007/s10457-014-9753-y.
Tricaud S, Pinton F, Pereira HS 2016. Local knowledge and practices of guarana producers (Paullinia cupana Kunth var. sorbilis) from the middle Amazon: two local organizations facing innovation. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, Belém 11(1):33–53. doi:10.1590/1981.81222016000100004.
Vieira TA, Rosa LS, Santos MMLS 2012. Socioeconomic conditions for the management of agroforestry yards in Bonito, Pará. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias 8(3):458–463.
Valente ASO, Oliveira ECP, Vieira TA 2017. Agroecological practices in land use systems in a rural community in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Espacios 38(22):10–18.
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2021-12-28
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SOUZA, Caio Cezar Ferreira de; SANTOS, Marcos Antônio Souza dos; REBELLO, Fabrício Khoury; MARTINS, Cyntia Meireles; LOPES, Maria Lúcia Bahia; BARBOSA, Antônia do Socorro Aleixo; SARAIVA, Joyce dos Santos. Agroecology in the Brazilian Amazon. A Review. Fronteira: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 3, p. 114–123, 2021. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i3.p114-123. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/4746. Acesso em: 27 dez. 2024.
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