Lições para a Biologia da Conservação no Cerrado a partir dos Padrões de Diversidade Genética Populacional do Anfíbio Physalaemus cuvieri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2016v5i3.p101-119Resumo
A fragmentação de habitats naturais tem aumentado intensamente nas últimas décadas. Neste trabalho, populações isoladas de Physalaemus cuvieri foram estudadas quanto à sua estrutura genética a partir de marcadores moleculares. Parte das amostras são de populações isoladas naturalmente por floresta tropical há cerca de seis mil anos atrás e outra parte proveniente de fragmentos isolados por uma matriz antrópica, formada há cerca de 40 anos. As populações dos fragmentos antigos e dos recentes não diferiram significativamente com relação às distâncias genéticas e aos componentes intra ou interpopulacional da diversidade genética. As distâncias genéticas são compatíveis com as distâncias espaciais. Entretanto, existe uma subestruturação pouco extensiva entre as populações e, nos fragmentos isolados há mais tempo, a diversidade genética diminui com a área do fragmento. É possível concluir que as pequenas populações de Physalaemus cuvieri podem ter a sua estrutura genética afetada pela fragmentação num espaço de tempo de poucas décadas.Referências
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Blaustein AR, Wake DB, Sousa WP 1994. Amphibian declines -Judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions. Conservation Biology 8:60-71.
Carson HL 1990. Genetics of small populations. Science 250(4978):191-191.
CDB (Convenção Sobre Diversidade Biológica) 1992. List of Parties. Avaiable from: http://www.mma.gov.br/destaques/item/7513-conven%C3%A7%C3%A3o-sobre-diversidade-biol%C3%B3gica-cdb.
Cushman SA 2006. Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians: a review and prospectus. Biological conservation 128(2):231-240.
Eiten G 1972. The cerrado vegetation of Brazil. Botanical Review 38:139-148.
Endler JA 1977. Geographic Variation, Speciation, and Clines. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., U.S.A. 246 pp.
Excoffier L, Smouse P, Quaitro J 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131:479-491.
Fahrig L 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 34:487-515
Fischer J, Lindenmayer D 2007. Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a synthesis. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 16:265-280.
Funk WC, Greene AE, Corn PS, Allendorf FW 2005. High dispersal in a frog species suggests that it is vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. Biology Letters 1(1):13-16.
Gascon C, Lovejoy TE, Bierregaard RO, Malcolm JR, Stouffer PC, Vasconcelos HL, Laurance WF, Zimmerman B, Tocher M, Borges S 1999. Matrix habitat and species richness in tropical forest remnants. Biological Conservation 91:223-229.
Georgiadis N, Bischof L, Templeton A, Patton J, Karesh W 1994. Structure and history of african elephant populations: I. Eastern and Southern Africa. The Journal of Heredity 85:100-104.
Gibbs JP 1998. Genetic structure of redback salamander Plethodon cinereus populations in continuous and fragmented forests. Biological Conservation 86(1):77-81.
Hanski I, Gilpin M 1991. Metapopulation Dynamics - Brief-History and Conceptual Domain. Biological Journal of Linnean Society 42:3-16.
Hiebeler D 2000. Populations on fragmented landscapes with spatially structured heterogeneities: Landscape generation and local dispersal. Ecology 81:1629-1641.
Hitchings SP 1998. Loss of genetic diversity and fitness in Common Toad (Bufo bufo) populations isolated by inimical habitat. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 11:269-283.
Hitchings SP, Beebee TJC 1997. Genetic substructuring as a result of barriers to gene flow in urban Rana temporaria (common frog) populations: implications for biodiversity conservation. Heredity 79:117-127.
Jones DF 1924. The attainment of homozigosity in inbred strains of maize. Genetics 9:405-418.
Keller LF, Donald MW 2002. Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17(5):230-241.
Kolozsvary MB, Swihart RK 1999. Habitat fragmentation and the distribution of amphibians: patch and landscape correlates in farmland. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:1288-1299.
Larson A, Wake DB, Yanev KP 1984. Measuring gene flow among populations having high levels of genetic fragmentation. Genetics 106:293-308.
Lima TC 2014. Modelagem dos vetores de mudança na paisagem no bioma Cerrado. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Geociências.
Lynch M, Milligan BB 1994. Analysis of Population Genetic-Structure with RAPD Markers. Molecular Ecology 3:91-99.
Marsh DM, Fegraus EH, Harrison S 1999. Effects of breeding pond isolation on the spatial and temporal dynamics of pond use by the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. Journal of Animal Ecology 68:804-814.
McKinney ML 1997. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:495-516.
Miller MP, Bianchi CA, Mullins TD, Haig SM 2013. Associations between forest fragmentation patterns and genetic structure in Pfrimer’s Parakeet (Pyrrhura pfrimeri), an endangered endemic to central Brazil’s dry forests. Conservation Genetics 14:333-343.
Miller MP 1997. Tools for Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA), version 1.3: A Windows program for the analysis of allozyme and molecular population genetic data. Computer software distributed by author.
Morris DW, Heidinga L 1997. Balancing the books on biodiversity. Conservation Biology 11:287-289.
Nei M 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia Univeristy Press, New York, NY, USA.
R Core Team 2013. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available from: http://www.r-project.org.
Ralls K, Ballou J, Brownell RL 1983. Genetic diversity in California sea otters: theoretical considerations and management implications. Biological Conservation 25:209-232
Ratter JA, Bridgewater S, Atkinson R, Ribeiro JF 1996. Analysis of the floristic composition of the Brazilian cerrado vegetation II: comprison of the woody vegetation of 98 areas. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 53:153-180.
Reed DH, Frankham R 2003. Correlation between Fitness and Genetic Diversity. Conservation Biology 17:230–237.
Sanaiotti TM 1996. The woody flora and soils of seven Brazilian Amazonian dry savanna áreas. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Stirling.
Scribner KT, Arntzen JW, Burke T 1994. Comparative analyis of Intra- and Interpopulation Genetic diversity in Bufo bufo, using allozyme, single-locus microsatellite, minisatellite, and multilocus minisatellite data. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11:737-748.
Schneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L 2000. Arlequin ver. 2000: A software for population genetics analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Seppä P, Laurila A 1999. Genetic structure of island populations of the anurans Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo. Heredity 82:309-317.
Silva JMC 1995. Avian inventory of the cerrado region, South America: Implications for biological conservation. Bird Conservation International 5:291-304.
Silvano DL 2011. Distribuição e conservação de anfíbios no cerrado em cenários atuais e futuros. PhD Thesis. Universidade de Brasília, Brasília. 211p.
Sinsch U 1990. Migration and Orientation in Anuran Amphibians. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 2:65-79.
Sjögren PER 1991. Extinction and isolation gradients in metapopulations: the case of the pool frog (Rana lessonae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 42(1-2):135-147.
Systat 1992.Systat for Windows: Statistic, Version 5 Edition. SYSTAT Inc: Evanston, IL.
Telles MPC, Diniz-Filho JAF, Bastos RP, Soares TN, Guimarães LD, Lima LP 2007. Landscape genetics of Physalaemus cuvieri in Brazilian Cerrado: Correspondence between population structure and patterns of human occupation and habitat loss. Biological Conservation 139(1-2):37-46.
Templeton AR 1980. Modes of speciation and inferences based on genetic distances. Evolution 34:719-729.
Templeton AR, de Salle R, Walbot V 1981. Speciation and inferences on rates of molecular evolution from genetic distances. Heredity 47:439-442.
Turner IM 1996. Species loss in fragments of tropical rain forest: a review of the evidence. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:200-209.
van Noordwijk AJ, Scharloo W 1981. Inbreeding in an island population of the great tit. Evolution, 35:674-688.
Varvio SL, Chakraborty R, Nei M 1986. Genetic variation in subdivided populations and conservation genetics. Heredity, 57:189-198.
Vos CC, Chardon JP 1998. Effects of habitat fragmentation and road density on the distribution pattern of the moor frog Rana arvalis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35:44-56.
Vos CC, Stumpel AHP 1996. Comparison of habitat-isolation parameters in relation to fragmented distribution patterns in the tree frog (Hyla arborea). Landscape Ecology, 11:203-214.
Weir BS, Cockerham CC 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population-structure. Evolution, 38:1358-1370.
Willis EO 1979. Populations and local extinctions of birds on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. Ecological Monographs, 44:153-169.
Wolf PG, Soltis PS 1992. Estimates of gene flow among populations, geographic races, and species in the Ipomopsis aggregata complex. Genetics, 130:639-647.
Wright S 1965. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution, 19:395-420.
Blaustein AR, Wake DB, Sousa WP 1994. Amphibian declines -Judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions. Conservation Biology 8:60-71.
Carson HL 1990. Genetics of small populations. Science 250(4978):191-191.
CDB (Convenção Sobre Diversidade Biológica) 1992. List of Parties. Avaiable from: http://www.mma.gov.br/destaques/item/7513-conven%C3%A7%C3%A3o-sobre-diversidade-biol%C3%B3gica-cdb.
Cushman SA 2006. Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians: a review and prospectus. Biological conservation 128(2):231-240.
Eiten G 1972. The cerrado vegetation of Brazil. Botanical Review 38:139-148.
Endler JA 1977. Geographic Variation, Speciation, and Clines. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., U.S.A. 246 pp.
Excoffier L, Smouse P, Quaitro J 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131:479-491.
Fahrig L 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 34:487-515
Fischer J, Lindenmayer D 2007. Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a synthesis. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 16:265-280.
Funk WC, Greene AE, Corn PS, Allendorf FW 2005. High dispersal in a frog species suggests that it is vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. Biology Letters 1(1):13-16.
Gascon C, Lovejoy TE, Bierregaard RO, Malcolm JR, Stouffer PC, Vasconcelos HL, Laurance WF, Zimmerman B, Tocher M, Borges S 1999. Matrix habitat and species richness in tropical forest remnants. Biological Conservation 91:223-229.
Georgiadis N, Bischof L, Templeton A, Patton J, Karesh W 1994. Structure and history of african elephant populations: I. Eastern and Southern Africa. The Journal of Heredity 85:100-104.
Gibbs JP 1998. Genetic structure of redback salamander Plethodon cinereus populations in continuous and fragmented forests. Biological Conservation 86(1):77-81.
Hanski I, Gilpin M 1991. Metapopulation Dynamics - Brief-History and Conceptual Domain. Biological Journal of Linnean Society 42:3-16.
Hiebeler D 2000. Populations on fragmented landscapes with spatially structured heterogeneities: Landscape generation and local dispersal. Ecology 81:1629-1641.
Hitchings SP 1998. Loss of genetic diversity and fitness in Common Toad (Bufo bufo) populations isolated by inimical habitat. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 11:269-283.
Hitchings SP, Beebee TJC 1997. Genetic substructuring as a result of barriers to gene flow in urban Rana temporaria (common frog) populations: implications for biodiversity conservation. Heredity 79:117-127.
Jones DF 1924. The attainment of homozigosity in inbred strains of maize. Genetics 9:405-418.
Keller LF, Donald MW 2002. Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17(5):230-241.
Kolozsvary MB, Swihart RK 1999. Habitat fragmentation and the distribution of amphibians: patch and landscape correlates in farmland. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:1288-1299.
Larson A, Wake DB, Yanev KP 1984. Measuring gene flow among populations having high levels of genetic fragmentation. Genetics 106:293-308.
Lima TC 2014. Modelagem dos vetores de mudança na paisagem no bioma Cerrado. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Geociências.
Lynch M, Milligan BB 1994. Analysis of Population Genetic-Structure with RAPD Markers. Molecular Ecology 3:91-99.
Marsh DM, Fegraus EH, Harrison S 1999. Effects of breeding pond isolation on the spatial and temporal dynamics of pond use by the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus. Journal of Animal Ecology 68:804-814.
McKinney ML 1997. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:495-516.
Miller MP, Bianchi CA, Mullins TD, Haig SM 2013. Associations between forest fragmentation patterns and genetic structure in Pfrimer’s Parakeet (Pyrrhura pfrimeri), an endangered endemic to central Brazil’s dry forests. Conservation Genetics 14:333-343.
Miller MP 1997. Tools for Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA), version 1.3: A Windows program for the analysis of allozyme and molecular population genetic data. Computer software distributed by author.
Morris DW, Heidinga L 1997. Balancing the books on biodiversity. Conservation Biology 11:287-289.
Nei M 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia Univeristy Press, New York, NY, USA.
R Core Team 2013. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available from: http://www.r-project.org.
Ralls K, Ballou J, Brownell RL 1983. Genetic diversity in California sea otters: theoretical considerations and management implications. Biological Conservation 25:209-232
Ratter JA, Bridgewater S, Atkinson R, Ribeiro JF 1996. Analysis of the floristic composition of the Brazilian cerrado vegetation II: comprison of the woody vegetation of 98 areas. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 53:153-180.
Reed DH, Frankham R 2003. Correlation between Fitness and Genetic Diversity. Conservation Biology 17:230–237.
Sanaiotti TM 1996. The woody flora and soils of seven Brazilian Amazonian dry savanna áreas. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Stirling.
Scribner KT, Arntzen JW, Burke T 1994. Comparative analyis of Intra- and Interpopulation Genetic diversity in Bufo bufo, using allozyme, single-locus microsatellite, minisatellite, and multilocus minisatellite data. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11:737-748.
Schneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L 2000. Arlequin ver. 2000: A software for population genetics analysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Seppä P, Laurila A 1999. Genetic structure of island populations of the anurans Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo. Heredity 82:309-317.
Silva JMC 1995. Avian inventory of the cerrado region, South America: Implications for biological conservation. Bird Conservation International 5:291-304.
Silvano DL 2011. Distribuição e conservação de anfíbios no cerrado em cenários atuais e futuros. PhD Thesis. Universidade de Brasília, Brasília. 211p.
Sinsch U 1990. Migration and Orientation in Anuran Amphibians. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 2:65-79.
Sjögren PER 1991. Extinction and isolation gradients in metapopulations: the case of the pool frog (Rana lessonae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 42(1-2):135-147.
Systat 1992.Systat for Windows: Statistic, Version 5 Edition. SYSTAT Inc: Evanston, IL.
Telles MPC, Diniz-Filho JAF, Bastos RP, Soares TN, Guimarães LD, Lima LP 2007. Landscape genetics of Physalaemus cuvieri in Brazilian Cerrado: Correspondence between population structure and patterns of human occupation and habitat loss. Biological Conservation 139(1-2):37-46.
Templeton AR 1980. Modes of speciation and inferences based on genetic distances. Evolution 34:719-729.
Templeton AR, de Salle R, Walbot V 1981. Speciation and inferences on rates of molecular evolution from genetic distances. Heredity 47:439-442.
Turner IM 1996. Species loss in fragments of tropical rain forest: a review of the evidence. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:200-209.
van Noordwijk AJ, Scharloo W 1981. Inbreeding in an island population of the great tit. Evolution, 35:674-688.
Varvio SL, Chakraborty R, Nei M 1986. Genetic variation in subdivided populations and conservation genetics. Heredity, 57:189-198.
Vos CC, Chardon JP 1998. Effects of habitat fragmentation and road density on the distribution pattern of the moor frog Rana arvalis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35:44-56.
Vos CC, Stumpel AHP 1996. Comparison of habitat-isolation parameters in relation to fragmented distribution patterns in the tree frog (Hyla arborea). Landscape Ecology, 11:203-214.
Weir BS, Cockerham CC 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population-structure. Evolution, 38:1358-1370.
Willis EO 1979. Populations and local extinctions of birds on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. Ecological Monographs, 44:153-169.
Wolf PG, Soltis PS 1992. Estimates of gene flow among populations, geographic races, and species in the Ipomopsis aggregata complex. Genetics, 130:639-647.
Wright S 1965. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution, 19:395-420.
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2016-12-20
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BARRETO, Cristiane Gomes; BRAZ, Vívian da Silva; FRANÇA, Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues. Lições para a Biologia da Conservação no Cerrado a partir dos Padrões de Diversidade Genética Populacional do Anfíbio Physalaemus cuvieri. Fronteira: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 3, p. 101–119, 2016. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2016v5i3.p101-119. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/2046. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2024.
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Dossiê - Uso e conservação da Biodiversidade
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