É possível identificar fatores associados à menarca precoce em crianças? Uma revisão integrativa
Palavras-chave:
Menarca, Criança, Menarche, ChildrenResumo
A menarca precoce é caracterizada como um sangramento vaginal antes da idade dos 8 anos, que não é acompanhada de sinais de puberdade ou avanço na idade óssea. Sendo uma questão de saúde pública, a comunidade médica buscou compreender os fatores que influenciam no aparecimento do primeiro fluxo menstrual na população mundial. Nessa perspectiva, a presente análise trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura que tem como objetivo identificar e analisar quais são as principais causas e as possíveis consequências desses fatores no dia a dia dessa parte da população. Foram utilizados 20 artigos, baseados na questão norteadora: “Quais são os fatores associados ao aparecimento da menarca precoce em crianças? ”, colhidos em duas bases de dados, sendo elas a Pubmed U. S. National library of medicine (NLM) e a ScienceDirect, que foram identificados por meio dos descritores “menarca”, “criança”, “menarche” e “children”. Foi constatado que a menarca precoce está relacionada a diversos fatores, tendo como maior influência o aumento do IMC, seguido por alterações antropométricas, níveis socioeconômicos, desenvolvimento das mamas e fatores genéticos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo concluiu que existem diversas causas que influenciam na primeira menstruação, sendo um tema que gera a necessidade de maiores realizações de estudos, para que haja um melhor entendimento sobre o assunto.
Referências
BARROS, B. DE S. et al. ERICA: age at menarche and its association with nutritional status. Jornal de Pediatria, v. 95, n. 1, p. 106–111, jan. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.12.004
BINDER, A. M. et al. Childhood and adolescent phenol and phthalate exposure and the age of menarche in Latina girls. Environmental Health, v. 17, n. 1, 3 abr. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12940-018-0376-z
BIRO, F. M. et al. Age of Menarche in a Longitudinal US Cohort. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, v. 31, n. 4, p. 339–345, ago. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2018.05.002
BUBACH, S. et al. Early age at menarche and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors: mediation by body composition in adulthood. Scientific Reports, v. 11, n. 1, p. 148, 8 jan. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80496-7
BUBACH, S. et al. Early menarche and blood pressure in adulthood: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Public Health, v. 40, n. 3, p. 476–484, 11 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx118
BURRIS, M. E.; WILEY, A. S. Marginal Food Security Predicts Earlier Age at Menarche Among Girls From the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, v. 34, n. 4, p. 462–470, ago. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2021.03.010
CHUNG, H. et al. Age at menarche and risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms: a pooled analysis of six studies. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, v. 128, n. 3, p. 603–613, 21 jul. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16393
CIRILLO, P. M. et al. Grandmaternal Perinatal Serum DDT in Relation to Granddaughter Early Menarche and Adult Obesity: Three Generations in the Child Health and Development Studies Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 14 abr. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1456
DI SESSA, A. et al. Early menarche is associated with insulin-resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with obesity. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, v. 34, n. 5, p. 607–612, 7 abr. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0684
FAN, H.-Y. et al. Birthweight, time-varying adiposity growth and early menarche in girls: A Mendelian randomisation and mediation analysis. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, v. 12, n. 5, p. 445–451, 1 set. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2018.07.008
GEMELLI, I. F. B.; FARIAS, E. DOS S.; SPRITZER, P. M. Association of body composition and age at menarche in girls and adolescents in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. Jornal de Pediatria, v. 96, n. 2, p. 240–246, 1 mar. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2019.04.007
GOLDBERG, M. et al. Pubertal timing and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study cohort. Breast Cancer Research, v. 22, n. 1, 27 out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-020-01326-2
HICKEY, M. et al. Relationship between umbilical cord sex hormone binding globulin, sex steroids, and age at menarche: a prospective cohort study. Fertility and Sterility, v. 110, n. 5, p. 965–973, out. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.06.008
IBITOYE, M. et al. Early menarche: A systematic review of its effect on sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS ONE, v. 12, n. 6, 7 jun. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178884
KARIM, A.; QAISAR, R.; HUSSAIN, M. A. Growth and socio-economic status, influence on the age at menarche in school going girls. Journal of Adolescence, v. 86, p. 40–53, jan. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.12.001
KNIGHT, J. A. et al. Prepubertal Internalizing Symptoms and Timing of Puberty Onset in Girls. American Journal of Epidemiology, v. 190, n. 3, p. 431–438, 15 out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faje%2Fkwaa223
LEE, H.-S. et al. Effect of Interaction between Early Menarche and Genetic Polymorphisms on Triglyceride. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, v. 2019, p. 9148920, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9148920
MAGALHAES, A. C. L. DE et al. Relationship of age at menarche and serum leptin with the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in adolescents. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03050
MENDLE, J.; RYAN, R. M.; MCKONE, K. M. P. Age at Menarche, Depression, and Antisocial Behavior in Adulthood. Pediatrics, v. 141, n. 1, p. e20171703, 26 dez. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2017-1703
REYNOLDS, P. et al. Urinary cadmium and timing of menarche and pubertal development in girls. Environmental Research, v. 183, p. 109224, abr. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109224
ROBERTS, S. A.; KAISER, U. B. GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Genetic etiologies of central precocious puberty and the role of imprinted genes. European Journal of Endocrinology, v. 183, n. 4, p. R107–R117, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-0103
SIEGEL, E. L. et al. Could maternal thyroid function during pregnancy affect daughters’ age at menarche through child growth? A mediation analysis. Reproductive Toxicology, v. 107, p. 33–39, 1 jan. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.004
SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE PEDIATRIA, Tratado de pediatria. 5.ed. São Paulo, Manole LTDA, 2022.
STAGI, S. et al. Increased incidence of precocious and accelerated puberty in females during and after the Italian lockdown for the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, v. 46, n. 1, 4 nov. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00931-3
SU, Q. et al. Association Between Early Menarche and School Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, v. 63, n. 2, p. 213–218, ago. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.008
YANG, B. et al. Maternal Age at Menarche and Pubertal Timing in Boys and Girls: A Cohort Study From Chongqing, China. Journal of Adolescent Health, ago. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.036
BINDER, A. M. et al. Childhood and adolescent phenol and phthalate exposure and the age of menarche in Latina girls. Environmental Health, v. 17, n. 1, 3 abr. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12940-018-0376-z
BIRO, F. M. et al. Age of Menarche in a Longitudinal US Cohort. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, v. 31, n. 4, p. 339–345, ago. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2018.05.002
BUBACH, S. et al. Early age at menarche and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors: mediation by body composition in adulthood. Scientific Reports, v. 11, n. 1, p. 148, 8 jan. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80496-7
BUBACH, S. et al. Early menarche and blood pressure in adulthood: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Public Health, v. 40, n. 3, p. 476–484, 11 set. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx118
BURRIS, M. E.; WILEY, A. S. Marginal Food Security Predicts Earlier Age at Menarche Among Girls From the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, v. 34, n. 4, p. 462–470, ago. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2021.03.010
CHUNG, H. et al. Age at menarche and risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms: a pooled analysis of six studies. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, v. 128, n. 3, p. 603–613, 21 jul. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16393
CIRILLO, P. M. et al. Grandmaternal Perinatal Serum DDT in Relation to Granddaughter Early Menarche and Adult Obesity: Three Generations in the Child Health and Development Studies Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 14 abr. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1456
DI SESSA, A. et al. Early menarche is associated with insulin-resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with obesity. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, v. 34, n. 5, p. 607–612, 7 abr. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0684
FAN, H.-Y. et al. Birthweight, time-varying adiposity growth and early menarche in girls: A Mendelian randomisation and mediation analysis. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, v. 12, n. 5, p. 445–451, 1 set. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2018.07.008
GEMELLI, I. F. B.; FARIAS, E. DOS S.; SPRITZER, P. M. Association of body composition and age at menarche in girls and adolescents in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. Jornal de Pediatria, v. 96, n. 2, p. 240–246, 1 mar. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2019.04.007
GOLDBERG, M. et al. Pubertal timing and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study cohort. Breast Cancer Research, v. 22, n. 1, 27 out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-020-01326-2
HICKEY, M. et al. Relationship between umbilical cord sex hormone binding globulin, sex steroids, and age at menarche: a prospective cohort study. Fertility and Sterility, v. 110, n. 5, p. 965–973, out. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.06.008
IBITOYE, M. et al. Early menarche: A systematic review of its effect on sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS ONE, v. 12, n. 6, 7 jun. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178884
KARIM, A.; QAISAR, R.; HUSSAIN, M. A. Growth and socio-economic status, influence on the age at menarche in school going girls. Journal of Adolescence, v. 86, p. 40–53, jan. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.12.001
KNIGHT, J. A. et al. Prepubertal Internalizing Symptoms and Timing of Puberty Onset in Girls. American Journal of Epidemiology, v. 190, n. 3, p. 431–438, 15 out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faje%2Fkwaa223
LEE, H.-S. et al. Effect of Interaction between Early Menarche and Genetic Polymorphisms on Triglyceride. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, v. 2019, p. 9148920, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9148920
MAGALHAES, A. C. L. DE et al. Relationship of age at menarche and serum leptin with the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in adolescents. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03050
MENDLE, J.; RYAN, R. M.; MCKONE, K. M. P. Age at Menarche, Depression, and Antisocial Behavior in Adulthood. Pediatrics, v. 141, n. 1, p. e20171703, 26 dez. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2017-1703
REYNOLDS, P. et al. Urinary cadmium and timing of menarche and pubertal development in girls. Environmental Research, v. 183, p. 109224, abr. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109224
ROBERTS, S. A.; KAISER, U. B. GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Genetic etiologies of central precocious puberty and the role of imprinted genes. European Journal of Endocrinology, v. 183, n. 4, p. R107–R117, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-0103
SIEGEL, E. L. et al. Could maternal thyroid function during pregnancy affect daughters’ age at menarche through child growth? A mediation analysis. Reproductive Toxicology, v. 107, p. 33–39, 1 jan. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.004
SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE PEDIATRIA, Tratado de pediatria. 5.ed. São Paulo, Manole LTDA, 2022.
STAGI, S. et al. Increased incidence of precocious and accelerated puberty in females during and after the Italian lockdown for the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, v. 46, n. 1, 4 nov. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00931-3
SU, Q. et al. Association Between Early Menarche and School Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, v. 63, n. 2, p. 213–218, ago. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.008
YANG, B. et al. Maternal Age at Menarche and Pubertal Timing in Boys and Girls: A Cohort Study From Chongqing, China. Journal of Adolescent Health, ago. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.036
Downloads
Publicado
2022-06-06
Edição
Seção
RESUMOS - Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente
