RESPOSTA AGUDA DO EXERCÍCIO AERÓBIO INTERVALADO DE ALTA INTENSIDADE (HIIT) NA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL DE MULHERES IDOSAS HIPERTENSAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37951/.2019v1i2.p17-29Palavras-chave:
Treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade; adultas idosas; hipertensão arterialResumo
A Hipertensão arterial sistêmica é um problema de saúde pública que acomete grande parte dos adultos idosos. Como forma de tratamento não medicamentoso o exercício aeróbio moderado mostra reduções na PAS elevada, que é conhecida como Hipotensão pós-exercício. No entanto, não sabemos se o mesmo ocorre com o exercício aeróbio intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT). Objetivo: Analisar a resposta hipotensora de uma sessão de exercício HIIT em mulheres idosas hipertensas. Trata-se de um estudo experimental transversal, com amostra de mulheres adultas idosas, com idade ≥60 anos, hipertensas. Foi aplicado questionário contendo 17 questões para identificar e descrever a amostra. Apenas uma visita ao laboratório foi requerida, onde foi aferida a PA após 10 minutos sentadas em repouso. Logo após, foi aplicado a sessão de HIIT com duração 17,5 minutos, sendo aferida novamente a PA no momento 0 (imediatamente),10, 20 e 30 minutos. A amostra foi constituída por 10 mulheres com idade média de 70,2 ± 6,4 anos. Percebe-se que após o exercício a PAS reduziu significativamente após 20 até 30 min pós-exercício (p<0,05). A PAD demonstrou comportamento distinto se elevando ligeiramente, tendendo cair após 20 min de exercício. Uma sessão de HIIT proporcionou redução da PAS em comparação com o momento repouso (pré) podendo proporcionar melhora no controle pressórico e possíveis reduções na incidência de eventos cardiovasculares.
Referências
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21. Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJ, Bradwell SN, Gibala MJ. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;98(6):1985-90. Epub 2005/02/12.
22. Gillen JB, Percival ME, Skelly LE, Martin BJ, Tan RB, Tarnopolsky MA, et al. Three minutes of all-out intermittent exercise per week increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and improves cardiometabolic health. PloS one. 2014;9(11):e111489. Epub 2014/11/05.
23. Gillen JB, Little JP, Punthakee Z, Tarnopolsky MA, Riddell MC, Gibala MJ. Acute high-intensity interval exercise reduces the postprandial glucose response and prevalence of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2012;14(6):575-7. Epub 2012/01/25.
24. Gormley SE, Swain DP, High R, Spina RJ, Dowling EA, Kotipalli US, et al. Effect of intensity of aerobic training on VO2max. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2008;40(7):1336-43. Epub 2008/06/27.
25. Hill DW, Rowell AL. Responses to exercise at the velocity associated with VO2max. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1997;29(1):113-6. Epub 1997/01/01.
26. Forjaz CL, Matsudaira Y, Rodrigues FB, Nunes N, Negrao CE. Post-exercise changes in blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product at different exercise intensities in normotensive humans. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 1998;31(10):1247-55. Epub 1999/01/07.
27. Quinn TJ. Twenty-four hour, ambulatory blood pressure responses following acute exercise: impact of exercise intensity. Journal of human hypertension. 2000;14(9):547-53. Epub 2000/09/12.
28. Ciolac EG, Carvalho VO, Guimaraes GV. High-intensity interval vs. moderate steady-state exercise. American journal of hypertension. 2010;23(8):812; author reply 3. Epub 2010/07/21.
29. Nascimento LS, Santos AC, Lucena J, Silva L, Almeida A, Brasileiro-Santos MS. Acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in resistant hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):250. Epub 2017/06/06.
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31. Helgerud J, Hoydal K, Wang E, Karlsen T, Berg P, Bjerkaas M, et al. Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve VO2max more than moderate training. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2007;39(4):665-71. Epub 2007/04/07.
32. BORG G. Escalar de Borg para a dor e o esforço percebido. Manole. 2000;1ª ed.
33. Guimarães G, Bellotti G, Bacal F, Mocelin A, Bocchi E. Pode o teste Ergoespirométrico de caminhada de seis minutos ser representativo das atividades habituais de pacientes com insuficiênica Cardíaca? Arquivo Brasileiro de Cardiologia. 2002;78(6):553-6.
34. Carvalho RS, Pires CM, Junqueira GC, Freitas D, Marchi-Alves LM. Hypotensive response magnitude and duration in hypertensives: continuous and interval exercise. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2015;104(3):234-41. Epub 2014/12/18.
35. Ciolac EG, Guimaraes GV, VM DA, Bortolotto LA, Doria EL, Bocchi EA. Acute effects of continuous and interval aerobic exercise on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in long-term treated hypertensive patients. International journal of cardiology. 2009;133(3):381-7. Epub 2008/05/27.
36. Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, Rodgers A. Blood pressure and stroke: an overview of published reviews. Stroke. 2004;35(3):776-85. Epub 2004/02/21.
37. Sosner P, Gayda M, Dupuy O, Garzon M, Lemasson C, Gremeaux V, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure reduction following high-intensity interval exercise performed in water or dryland condition. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH. 2016;10(5):420-8. Epub 2016/03/31.
38. Nunes N, Navarro R, Babura J. Hipotensão pós-exercício: mecanismos e influência do exercício físico. Rev Bras Ciênc Mov. 2008;26:99-105.
39. Olea MA, Mancilla R, Martinez S, Diaz E. [Effects of high intensity interval training on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects]. Revista medica de Chile. 2017;145(9):1154-9. Epub 2018/02/10. Entrenamiento intervalico de alta intensidad contribuye a la normalizacion de la hipertension arterial.
40. Ciolac EG. High-intensity interval training and hypertension: maximizing the benefits of exercise? American journal of cardiovascular disease. 2012;2(2):102-10. Epub 2012/06/22.
2. Chor D, Pinho Ribeiro AL, Sa Carvalho M, Duncan BB, Andrade Lotufo P, Araujo Nobre A, et al. Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Influence of Socioeconomic Variables on Control of High Blood Pressure: Results of the ELSA-Brasil Study. PloS one. 2015;10(6):e0127382. Epub 2015/06/24.
3. BRASIL V. Vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquéritos telefônicos. VIGITEL BRASIL (Internet). 2017;acesso em 14/10/2017(http://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2017/abril/17/Vigitel.pdf).
4. Reboussin DM, Allen NB, Griswold ME, Guallar E, Hong Y, Lackland DT, et al.Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e116-e35. Epub 2017/11/15.
5. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Jr., Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):1269-324. Epub 2017/11/15.
6. Wolz M, Cutler J, Roccella EJ, Rohde F, Thom T, Burt V. Statement from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program: prevalence of hypertension. American journal of hypertension. 2000;13(1 Pt 1):103-4. Epub 2000/03/11.
7. Aronow WS, Fleg JL, Pepine CJ, Artinian NT, Bakris G, Brown AS, et al. ACCF/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Neurology, American Geriatrics Society, American Society for Preventive Cardiology, American Society of Hypertension, American Society of Nephrology, Association of Black Cardiologists, and European Society of Hypertension. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH. 2011;5(4):259-352. Epub 2011/07/21.
8. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903-13. Epub 2002/12/21.
9. Stratton JR, Levy WC, Caldwell JH, Jacobson A, May J, Matsuoka D, et al. Effects of aging on cardiovascular responses to parasympathetic withdrawal. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003;41(11):2077-83. Epub 2003/06/12.
10. Somers VK, Conway J, LeWinter M, Sleight P. The role of baroreflex sensitivity in post-exercise hypotension. Journal of hypertension Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension. 1985;3(3):S129-30. Epub 1985/12/01.
11. Perrotti T, Filho J, Uehara C, Almada C, Miranda R. Tratamento não farmacológico da hipertensão no idoso. Rev Bras Hipertensão. 2007;14(1):37-41.
12. Halliwill JR. Mechanisms and clinical implications of post-exercise hypotension in humans. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2001;29(2):65-70. Epub 2001/05/08.
13. Forjaz CL, Tinucci T, Ortega KC, Santaella DF, Mion D, Jr., Negrao CE. Factors affecting post-exercise hypotension in normotensive and hypertensive humans. Blood pressure monitoring. 2000;5(5-6):255-62. Epub 2001/01/12.
14. Gibala MJ, Little JP. Just HIT it! A time-efficient exercise strategy to improve muscle insulin sensitivity. The Journal of physiology. 2010;588(Pt 18):3341-2. Epub 2010/09/17.
15. Gibala MJ, Little JP, van Essen M, Wilkin GP, Burgomaster KA, Safdar A, et al. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. The Journal of physiology. 2006;575(Pt 3):901-11. Epub 2006/07/11.
16. Gibala MJ, McGee SL. Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain? Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2008;36(2):58-63. Epub 2008/03/26.
17. Gillen JB, Gibala MJ. Is high-intensity interval training a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve health and fitness? Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 2014;39(3):409-12. Epub 2014/02/21.
18. Billat VL, Flechet B, Petit B, Muriaux G, Koralsztein JP. Interval training at VO2max: effects on aerobic performance and overtraining markers. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1999;31(1):156-63. Epub 1999/02/02
19. Burgomaster KA, Heigenhauser GJ, Gibala MJ. Effect of short-term sprint interval training on human skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise and time-trial performance. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;100(6):2041-7. Epub 2006/02/14.
20. Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM, Rakobowchuk M, Macdonald MJ, McGee SL, et al. Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. The Journal of physiology. 2008;586(1):151-60. Epub 2007/11/10.
21. Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJ, Bradwell SN, Gibala MJ. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;98(6):1985-90. Epub 2005/02/12.
22. Gillen JB, Percival ME, Skelly LE, Martin BJ, Tan RB, Tarnopolsky MA, et al. Three minutes of all-out intermittent exercise per week increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and improves cardiometabolic health. PloS one. 2014;9(11):e111489. Epub 2014/11/05.
23. Gillen JB, Little JP, Punthakee Z, Tarnopolsky MA, Riddell MC, Gibala MJ. Acute high-intensity interval exercise reduces the postprandial glucose response and prevalence of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2012;14(6):575-7. Epub 2012/01/25.
24. Gormley SE, Swain DP, High R, Spina RJ, Dowling EA, Kotipalli US, et al. Effect of intensity of aerobic training on VO2max. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2008;40(7):1336-43. Epub 2008/06/27.
25. Hill DW, Rowell AL. Responses to exercise at the velocity associated with VO2max. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1997;29(1):113-6. Epub 1997/01/01.
26. Forjaz CL, Matsudaira Y, Rodrigues FB, Nunes N, Negrao CE. Post-exercise changes in blood pressure, heart rate and rate pressure product at different exercise intensities in normotensive humans. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 1998;31(10):1247-55. Epub 1999/01/07.
27. Quinn TJ. Twenty-four hour, ambulatory blood pressure responses following acute exercise: impact of exercise intensity. Journal of human hypertension. 2000;14(9):547-53. Epub 2000/09/12.
28. Ciolac EG, Carvalho VO, Guimaraes GV. High-intensity interval vs. moderate steady-state exercise. American journal of hypertension. 2010;23(8):812; author reply 3. Epub 2010/07/21.
29. Nascimento LS, Santos AC, Lucena J, Silva L, Almeida A, Brasileiro-Santos MS. Acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in resistant hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):250. Epub 2017/06/06.
30. Malachias MV. 7th Brazilian Guideline of Arterial Hypertension: Presentation. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2016;107(3 Suppl 3):0. Epub 2016/11/08. 7 feminine Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensao Arterial: Apresentacao.
31. Helgerud J, Hoydal K, Wang E, Karlsen T, Berg P, Bjerkaas M, et al. Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve VO2max more than moderate training. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2007;39(4):665-71. Epub 2007/04/07.
32. BORG G. Escalar de Borg para a dor e o esforço percebido. Manole. 2000;1ª ed.
33. Guimarães G, Bellotti G, Bacal F, Mocelin A, Bocchi E. Pode o teste Ergoespirométrico de caminhada de seis minutos ser representativo das atividades habituais de pacientes com insuficiênica Cardíaca? Arquivo Brasileiro de Cardiologia. 2002;78(6):553-6.
34. Carvalho RS, Pires CM, Junqueira GC, Freitas D, Marchi-Alves LM. Hypotensive response magnitude and duration in hypertensives: continuous and interval exercise. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2015;104(3):234-41. Epub 2014/12/18.
35. Ciolac EG, Guimaraes GV, VM DA, Bortolotto LA, Doria EL, Bocchi EA. Acute effects of continuous and interval aerobic exercise on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in long-term treated hypertensive patients. International journal of cardiology. 2009;133(3):381-7. Epub 2008/05/27.
36. Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, Rodgers A. Blood pressure and stroke: an overview of published reviews. Stroke. 2004;35(3):776-85. Epub 2004/02/21.
37. Sosner P, Gayda M, Dupuy O, Garzon M, Lemasson C, Gremeaux V, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure reduction following high-intensity interval exercise performed in water or dryland condition. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH. 2016;10(5):420-8. Epub 2016/03/31.
38. Nunes N, Navarro R, Babura J. Hipotensão pós-exercício: mecanismos e influência do exercício físico. Rev Bras Ciênc Mov. 2008;26:99-105.
39. Olea MA, Mancilla R, Martinez S, Diaz E. [Effects of high intensity interval training on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects]. Revista medica de Chile. 2017;145(9):1154-9. Epub 2018/02/10. Entrenamiento intervalico de alta intensidad contribuye a la normalizacion de la hipertension arterial.
40. Ciolac EG. High-intensity interval training and hypertension: maximizing the benefits of exercise? American journal of cardiovascular disease. 2012;2(2):102-10. Epub 2012/06/22.
