Forensic Human Identification for Cutaneous Microbiome, a Brief Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i3.p244-251Palavras-chave:
microbiome, genome, cutaneous, forensicResumo
Forensic Science compounds many study areas in context of solving crimes, one of which is the forensic microbiology. Combined with genomic approaches, microbiology has shown strong performance in studies regarding the relationship between microorganisms present on human skin and environment. The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) has contributed significantly to characterization of microbial complexity and their connection to human being. The purpose of this work consists of a historical overview of scientific articles, demonstrating the growth and possibility of using skin microbiome in forensic identification. Studies about use of cutaneous microbiome in human identification, as well its forensic approaches, were looked into for writing of this review. Comparisons among cutaneous microbial communities and manipulated objects have been tested using 16S rRNA, as well as a thorough sequencing of the bacterial genome. From use of ecological measures of distance to genetic markers with nucleotide variants and predictive algorithms, research has shown promising results for advances in field of forensic identification. The development of metagenomic microbial panel markers, named hidSkinPlax for targeted sequencing has been designed and tested with great results. Research results show satisfactory potential in human identification by cutaneous microbiome and the possibility for contributive use in elucidating crimes.
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Lax, Simon, Jarrad T Hampton-Marcell, Sean M Gibbons, Geórgia Barguil Colares, Daniel Smith, Jonathan A Eisen, and Jack A Gilbert. 2015. “Forensic Analysis of the Microbiome of Phones and Shoes.” Microbiome 3 (1): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-015-0082-9.
Meadow, James F., Adam E. Altrichter, Ashley C. Bateman, Jason Stenson, G. Z. Brown, Jessica L. Green, and Brendan J.M. Bohannan. 2015. “Humans Differ in Their Personal Microbial Cloud.” PeerJ 2015 (9): e1258. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1258.
Meadow, James F., Adam E. Altrichter, and Jessica L. Green. 2014. “Mobile Phones Carry the Personal Microbiome of Their Owners.” PeerJ 2014 (1): e447. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.447.
Nishi, Erika Eiji, Cássia T. Bergamaschi, and Ruy R. Campos. 2015. “The Crosstalk between the Kidney and the Central Nervous System: The Role of Renal Nerves in Blood Pressure Regulation.” Experimental Physiology 100 (5): 479–84. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079889.
Nishi, Erika Eiji, Kota Watanabe, Yukihiro Tashiro, and Kenji Sakai. 2017. “Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Profiling of Bacterial Flora Derived from Single Human Hair Shafts Can Discriminate Individuals.” Legal Medicine 25 (3): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.01.002.
Oh, Julia, Allyson L. Byrd, Clay Deming, Sean Conlan, Heidi H. Kong, Julia A. Segre, Betty Barnabas, et al. 2014. “Biogeography and Individuality Shape Function in the Human Skin Metagenome.” Nature 514 (7520): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13786.
Oh, Julia, Allyson L. Byrd, Morgan Park, Heidi H. Kong, and Julia A. Segre. 2016. “Temporal Stability of the Human Skin Microbiome.” Cell 165 (4): 854–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.008.
Peterson, Jane, Susan Garges, Maria Giovanni, Pamela McInnes, Lu Wang, Jeffery A. Schloss, Vivien Bonazzi, et al. 2009. “The NIH Human Microbiome Project.” Genome Research 19 (12): 2317–23. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.096651.109.
Proksch, Ehrhardt, Johanna M. Brandner, and Jens Michael Jensen. 2008. “The Skin: An Indispensable Barrier.” Experimental Dermatology 17 (12): 1063–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00786.x.
Ross, Ashley A., Andrew C. Doxey, and Josh D. Neufeld. 2017. “The Skin Microbiome of Cohabiting Couples.” MSystems 2 (4). https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00043-17.
Roux, Claude, Frank Crispino, and Olivier Ribaux. 2012. “From Forensics to Forensic Science.” Current Issues in Criminal Justice 24 (1): 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2012.12035941.
Schmedes, Sarah E., Antti Sajantila, and Bruce Budowle. 2016. “Expansion of Microbial Forensics.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54 (8): 1964–74. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00046-16.
Schmedes, Sarah E., August E. Woerner, and Bruce Budowle. 2017. “Forensic Human Identification Using Skin Microbiomes.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83 (22). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01672-17.
Schmedes, Sarah E., August E. Woerner, Nicole M.M. Novroski, Frank R. Wendt, Jonathan L. King, Kathryn M. Stephens, and Bruce Budowle. 2018. “Targeted Sequencing of Clade-Specific Markers from Skin Microbiomes for Forensic Human Identification.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 32 (January): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.10.004.
Smith, Pamela J., and Jack Ballantyne. 2007. “Simplified Low-Copy-Number DNA Analysis by Post-PCR Purification.” Journal of Forensic Sciences 52 (4): 820–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00470.x.
Somerville, D. A. 1969. “The Normal Flora of the Skin in Different Age Groups.” British Journal of Dermatology 81 (4): 248–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb13976.x.
Theron, J., and T. E. Cloete. 2000. “Molecular Techniques for Determining Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Natural Environments.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 26 (1): 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408410091154174.
Turnbaugh, Peter J., Ruth E. Ley, Micah Hamady, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Rob Knight, and Jeffrey I. Gordon. 2007. “The Human Microbiome Project.” Nature 449 (7164): 804–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06244.
Větrovský, Tomáš, and Petr Baldrian. 2013. “The Variability of the 16S RRNA Gene in Bacterial Genomes and Its Consequences for Bacterial Community Analyses.” Edited by Josh Neufeld. PLoS ONE 8 (2): e57923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057923.
Williams, Diana W., and Greg Gibson. 2017. “Individualization of Pubic Hair Bacterial Communities and the Effects of Storage Time and Temperature.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 26 (January): 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.09.006.
Woese, C. R., O. Kandler, and M. L. Wheelis. 1990. “Towards a Natural System of Organisms: Proposal for the Domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (12): 4576–79. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576.
Ying, Shi, Dan-Ning Zeng, Liang Chi, Yuan Tan, Carlos Galzote, Cesar Cardona, Simon Lax, Jack Gilbert, and Zhe-Xue Quan. 2015. “The Influence of Age and Gender on Skin-Associated Microbial Communities in Urban and Rural Human Populations.” Edited by Jonathan H. Badger. PLOS ONE 10 (10): e0141842. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141842.
Amorim, António, Teresa Fernandes, and Nuno Taveira. 2019. “Mitochondrial DNA in Human Identification: A Review.” PeerJ 7: e7314. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7314.
Budowle, Bruce, Arthur J. Eisenberg, and Angela Van Daal. 2009. “Validity of Low Copy Number Typing and Applications to Forensic Science.” Croatian Medical Journal 50 (3): 207–17. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.207.
Budowle, Bruce, Steven E. Schutzer, Anja Einseln, Lynda C. Kelley, Anne C. Walsh, Jenifer A.L. Smith, Babetta L. Marrone, James Robertson, and Joseph Campos. 2003. “Building Microbial Forensics as a Response to Bioterrorism.” Science 301 (5641): 1852–53. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1090083.
Burns, Erin M., Hana Ahmed, Prescilia N. Isedeh, Indermeet Kohli, William Van Der Pol, Abdullah Shaheen, Anum F. Muzaffar, et al. 2019. “Ultraviolet Radiation, Both UVA and UVB, Influences the Composition of the Skin Microbiome.” Experimental Dermatology 28 (2): 136–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.13854.
Butler, John M. 2006. “Genetics and Genomics of Core Short Tandem Repeat Loci Used in Human Identity Testing.” Journal of Forensic Sciences 51 (2): 253–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00046.x.
Clarridge, Jill E. 2004. “Impact of 16S RRNA Gene Sequence Analysis for Identification of Bacteria on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17 (4): 840–62. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.4.840-862.2004.
Costello, Elizabeth K., Christian L. Lauber, Micah Hamady, Noah Fierer, Jeffrey I. Gordon, and Rob Knight. 2009. “Bacterial Community Variation in Human Body Habitats across Space and Time.” Science 326 (5960): 1694–97. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177486.
Dao, Harry, and Rebecca A. Kazin. 2007. “Gender Differences in Skin: A Review of the Literature.” Gender Medicine 4 (4): 308–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1550-8579(07)80061-1.
Fierer, Noah, Micah Hamady, Christian L. Lauber, and Rob Knight. 2008. “The Influence of Sex, Handedness, and Washing on the Diversity of Hand Surface Bacteria.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (46): 17994–99. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807920105.
Fierer, Noah, Christian L. Lauber, Nick Zhou, Daniel McDonald, Elizabeth K. Costello, and Rob Knight. 2010. “Forensic Identification Using Skin Bacterial Communities.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (14): 6477–81. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000162107.
Flores, Gilberto E, J Gregory Caporaso, Jessica B Henley, Jai Ram Rideout, Daniel Domogala, John Chase, Jonathan W Leff, et al. 2014. “Temporal Variability Is a Personalized Feature of the Human Microbiome.” Genome Biology 15 (12): 531. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0531-y.
Franzosa, Eric A., Katherine Huang, James F. Meadow, Dirk Gevers, Katherine P. Lemon, Brendan J.M. Bohannan, and Curtis Huttenhower. 2015. “Identifying Personal Microbiomes Using Metagenomic Codes.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112 (22): E2930–38. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423854112.
Goga, Haruhisa. 2012. “Comparison of Bacterial DNA Profiles of Footwear Insoles and Soles of Feet for the Forensic Discrimination of Footwear Owners.” International Journal of Legal Medicine 126 (5): 815–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-012-0733-3.
Greenbaum, Dov, Andrea Sboner, Xinmeng Jasmine Mu, and Mark Gerstein. 2011. “Genomics and Privacy: Implications of the New Reality of Closed Data for the Field.” Edited by Philip E. Bourne. PLoS Computational Biology 7 (12): e1002278. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002278.
Grice, Elizabeth A., Heidi H. Kong, Sean Conlan, Clayton B. Deming, Joie Davis, Alice C. Young, Gerard G. Bouffard, et al. 2009. “Topographical and Temporal Diversity of the Human Skin Microbiome.” Science 324 (5931): 1190–92. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171700.
Grice, Elizabeth A., and Julia A. Segre. 2011. “The Skin Microbiome.” Nature Reviews Microbiology 9 (4): 244–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2537.
Hares, Douglas R. 2015. “Selection and Implementation of Expanded CODIS Core Loci in the United States.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 17: 33–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.03.006.
Hugenholtz, Philip, and Norman R. Pace. 1996. “Identifying Microbial Diversity in the Natural Environment: A Molecular Phylogenetic Approach.” Trends in Biotechnology 14 (6): 190–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(96)10025-1.
Jiang, Enzhu, Siyi Zhang, and Hao Pang. 2020. “Genotyping Genetic Markers from LCN and Degraded DNA by HRM and Their Application in Hair Shaft.” International Journal of Legal Medicine 134 (1): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02045-w.
Lax, Simon, Jarrad T Hampton-Marcell, Sean M Gibbons, Geórgia Barguil Colares, Daniel Smith, Jonathan A Eisen, and Jack A Gilbert. 2015. “Forensic Analysis of the Microbiome of Phones and Shoes.” Microbiome 3 (1): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-015-0082-9.
Meadow, James F., Adam E. Altrichter, Ashley C. Bateman, Jason Stenson, G. Z. Brown, Jessica L. Green, and Brendan J.M. Bohannan. 2015. “Humans Differ in Their Personal Microbial Cloud.” PeerJ 2015 (9): e1258. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1258.
Meadow, James F., Adam E. Altrichter, and Jessica L. Green. 2014. “Mobile Phones Carry the Personal Microbiome of Their Owners.” PeerJ 2014 (1): e447. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.447.
Nishi, Erika Eiji, Cássia T. Bergamaschi, and Ruy R. Campos. 2015. “The Crosstalk between the Kidney and the Central Nervous System: The Role of Renal Nerves in Blood Pressure Regulation.” Experimental Physiology 100 (5): 479–84. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079889.
Nishi, Erika Eiji, Kota Watanabe, Yukihiro Tashiro, and Kenji Sakai. 2017. “Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Profiling of Bacterial Flora Derived from Single Human Hair Shafts Can Discriminate Individuals.” Legal Medicine 25 (3): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.01.002.
Oh, Julia, Allyson L. Byrd, Clay Deming, Sean Conlan, Heidi H. Kong, Julia A. Segre, Betty Barnabas, et al. 2014. “Biogeography and Individuality Shape Function in the Human Skin Metagenome.” Nature 514 (7520): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13786.
Oh, Julia, Allyson L. Byrd, Morgan Park, Heidi H. Kong, and Julia A. Segre. 2016. “Temporal Stability of the Human Skin Microbiome.” Cell 165 (4): 854–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.008.
Peterson, Jane, Susan Garges, Maria Giovanni, Pamela McInnes, Lu Wang, Jeffery A. Schloss, Vivien Bonazzi, et al. 2009. “The NIH Human Microbiome Project.” Genome Research 19 (12): 2317–23. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.096651.109.
Proksch, Ehrhardt, Johanna M. Brandner, and Jens Michael Jensen. 2008. “The Skin: An Indispensable Barrier.” Experimental Dermatology 17 (12): 1063–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00786.x.
Ross, Ashley A., Andrew C. Doxey, and Josh D. Neufeld. 2017. “The Skin Microbiome of Cohabiting Couples.” MSystems 2 (4). https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00043-17.
Roux, Claude, Frank Crispino, and Olivier Ribaux. 2012. “From Forensics to Forensic Science.” Current Issues in Criminal Justice 24 (1): 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2012.12035941.
Schmedes, Sarah E., Antti Sajantila, and Bruce Budowle. 2016. “Expansion of Microbial Forensics.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54 (8): 1964–74. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00046-16.
Schmedes, Sarah E., August E. Woerner, and Bruce Budowle. 2017. “Forensic Human Identification Using Skin Microbiomes.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83 (22). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01672-17.
Schmedes, Sarah E., August E. Woerner, Nicole M.M. Novroski, Frank R. Wendt, Jonathan L. King, Kathryn M. Stephens, and Bruce Budowle. 2018. “Targeted Sequencing of Clade-Specific Markers from Skin Microbiomes for Forensic Human Identification.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 32 (January): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.10.004.
Smith, Pamela J., and Jack Ballantyne. 2007. “Simplified Low-Copy-Number DNA Analysis by Post-PCR Purification.” Journal of Forensic Sciences 52 (4): 820–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00470.x.
Somerville, D. A. 1969. “The Normal Flora of the Skin in Different Age Groups.” British Journal of Dermatology 81 (4): 248–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb13976.x.
Theron, J., and T. E. Cloete. 2000. “Molecular Techniques for Determining Microbial Diversity and Community Structure in Natural Environments.” Critical Reviews in Microbiology 26 (1): 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408410091154174.
Turnbaugh, Peter J., Ruth E. Ley, Micah Hamady, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Rob Knight, and Jeffrey I. Gordon. 2007. “The Human Microbiome Project.” Nature 449 (7164): 804–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06244.
Větrovský, Tomáš, and Petr Baldrian. 2013. “The Variability of the 16S RRNA Gene in Bacterial Genomes and Its Consequences for Bacterial Community Analyses.” Edited by Josh Neufeld. PLoS ONE 8 (2): e57923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057923.
Williams, Diana W., and Greg Gibson. 2017. “Individualization of Pubic Hair Bacterial Communities and the Effects of Storage Time and Temperature.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 26 (January): 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.09.006.
Woese, C. R., O. Kandler, and M. L. Wheelis. 1990. “Towards a Natural System of Organisms: Proposal for the Domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (12): 4576–79. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576.
Ying, Shi, Dan-Ning Zeng, Liang Chi, Yuan Tan, Carlos Galzote, Cesar Cardona, Simon Lax, Jack Gilbert, and Zhe-Xue Quan. 2015. “The Influence of Age and Gender on Skin-Associated Microbial Communities in Urban and Rural Human Populations.” Edited by Jonathan H. Badger. PLOS ONE 10 (10): e0141842. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141842.
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2021-12-28
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NOVAES, Natasha R.F.; FENSTERSEIFER, Isabel C. M.; MARTINS, José L. R.; SILVA, Osmar N. Forensic Human Identification for Cutaneous Microbiome, a Brief Review. Fronteira: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 3, p. 244–251, 2021. DOI: 10.21664/2238-8869.2021v10i3.p244-251. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unievangelica.edu.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/4747. Acesso em: 24 abr. 2024.
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